On 05 September 2024, the Centre for Human Rights, Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria, collaborated with the International Code of Conduct Association (ICoCA) and the ICT4Peace Foundation and hosted a consultative workshop on the responsible use of technology in private security. The workshop convened participants from the public sector, private security, civil society organisations, and academic institutions to discuss the deployment of new technologies in the private security sector and compliance with human rights and ethical standards.

The private security industry is evolving with the adoption of advanced technologies such as sensors, CCTV, and drones, expanding the role of Private Security Companies (PSCs) beyond traditional services. However, this technological shift introduces several critical concerns that need to be addressed. One of the primary concerns relates to data privacy and security. The collection and handling of personal information by PSCs pose risks of infringing on individual privacy and potentially misusing data, which could also harm vulnerable or marginalised groups based on political, religious, or ethnic identities. Ethical implications also arise, as the potential for abuse of surveillance technologies challenges the balance between security and individual freedoms.

The adequacy of regulatory and legal frameworks is a critical issue. Current regulations often lag behind technological advancements, creating gaps in human rights and data protection. Comprehensive regulations are urgently needed to govern how PSCs collect, manage, and store sensitive information. Transparency and accountability in PSC operations are essential, with clear policies on data handling and mechanisms to address cybersecurity concerns including privacy violations. Public awareness and engagement are important for addressing these concerns, ensuring that the impacts on marginalised communities are considered and safeguards are in place. Effectively addressing these challenges is crucial to balancing the benefits of technological advancements with the protection of privacy and security. Although general privacy protections exist in the South African legal framework, including the Protection of Personal Information Act, participants noted a lack of specific guidance tailored to the complexities of modern technology. Participants also discussed concerns about data management, potential misuse by employees or external actors, and instances of technological failure highlighting the need for stronger regulatory mechanisms and adherence to best practices across the industry.

One of the key outcomes of the workshop was a critical analysis of a toolkit that is being designed by ICoCA and the ICT4Peace Foundation to guide PSCs in the ethical and responsible use of ICTs. The toolkit seeks to address the risks associated with technology and ensure that companies comply with human rights standards. By providing practical advice on data protection, emphasising the importance of secure data collection, storage, and transfer, the toolkit aims to provide guidance to PSCs in navigating challenges through upholding international standards on human rights and data protection. It is anticipated that the input from the workshop will contribute to mainstreaming the African context and the overall refinement of the toolkit.

Regulatory authorities like the Information Regulator and civil society organisations have been instrumental in raising awareness of the human rights risks posed by modern technologies. Their advocacy for stronger regulatory frameworks and vigilant monitoring of PSCs adherence to international standards highlight a critical push for ethical conduct and increased accountability within the industry. As the sector increasingly adopts technology-driven security approaches, it is essential that these advancements uphold human rights principles and prioritise privacy safeguarding. Balancing technological progress with the protection of human rights is important for sustaining trust and integrity in the evolving private security landscape.

For more information, please contact:

Rutendo Mugabe
Project Officer: African Coalition for Corporate Accountability 
Rutendo.Mugabe@up.ac.za